Conclusion We conducted a systematic and quantitative review of the long-term degradation rate of field-aged photovoltaic modules by collecting 610 degradation rates from 80 primary studies and found a mean and median annual degradation rate of 1.1 %/year and 0.94 %/year indicating a distribution skewed towards high degradation rates.
Best-case scenario, degradation of 0.43 %/year and 47 years of lifespan. A critical factor in determining the ecological and economic benefits of photovoltaic (PV) investments is the continuous decline in power output, known as degradation rate, and the consequent projected lifespan of the installed modules.
Using these degradation rates, we can estimate the lifespan of PV modules by applying the commonly used definition of failure, which is denoted by a 20 % decline in performance. With this approach, a predicted average degradation rate of 0.43 %/year equates to 47 years of lifespan. 4. Conclusion
Numerous studies, including Skoczek et al. , Chandel et al. , and Carigiet et al. have examined the long-term performance of different PV modules, resulting in a multitude of reported degradation rate observations obtained under diverse climatic conditions and applying a wide range of measurement and evaluation techniques.
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