The chapter presents smart inverter functions for battery energy storage systems and discusses the prioritization of different smart inverter functions. Distributed energy resource (DER) inverters can potentially exchange rated reactive current with the grid even at zero active power outputs.
Equation (1) clearly shows that, as the pf decreases, the curtailment of active power increases to accommodate the necessary reactive power. By selecting optimal power factor settings, the smart inverter can effectively manage reactive power outputs, ensuring minimum curtailment and maximum HC. 3.1.2. Q (U) control
These smart inverters can operate in all four quadrants and can provide fast and flexible active and reactive support by using various smart inverter (SI) control modes, such as volt-var (Q (U)) and power factor (Cos Φ) control, which can regulate the voltage at the point of connection (PoC i.e. point where DG is connected to the grid).
In case III, smart inverter Q (U) control mode was activated and optimal volt-var control setpoints were determined to maximize the HC. In all cases the minimum installed capacity was set to 2 MW. Additionally, for a single DG the maximum installed capacity was capped at 16 MW, while for two DG units, it was constrained to 8000 kW.
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